Depression Depression And Rape - 2997 Words

A Prison Within: Depression and Rape There are millions of people in the world that have different illnesses. Depression is a very common mental illness. Many people have experienced depression at some point in their lives. The American Psychological Association states that â€Å"People with depression may experience a lack of interest and pleasure in daily activities, significant weight loss or gain, insomnia or excessive sleeping, lack of energy, inability to concentrate, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.† I was 18 years old around the time I had my first serious episode of depression. I was depressed about an attempted rape that almost occurred at a party. Fortunately I had good friends and family to help me be able to talk about my problems. I did however become open about what was happening to me. Additionally, I found out that I was at risk for depression because there are people in my family with Bipolar Disorder which can cause depression. There are many different forms of depression which are also called mood disorders. The common misconception is that depression is only in one form. You could have Dysthymia, Major Depressive Disorder, or Cyclothymia. Dysthymia is very long lasting but not as severe as MDD. Major Depressive Disorder is a serious condition in which the characteristics of normal depression are felt more extremely. Cyclothymia is another name for Bipolar Disorder because at one point you’reShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Rape1166 Words   |  5 Pagescommitted specifically rape. About 86,000 cases of rape are reported annually in the U.S alone (Seth)! On of the most frequently committed acts of sexual violence is rape. Damaging effects of rape can be life long. Whether or not these effects are visible to the physical eye, they can alter and deeply impact a person s life. According to Samantha Gluck victims of rape experience both short and long-term psychological effects of rape. One of the short term effects of rape is Post Traumatic StressRead MoreSpeak by Laurie Halse Anderson Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pagesreason to call, only Melinda knows the real reason. Even if they cared to know the real reason, there is no way she could tell them. A personal rape story is not something that flows freely off the tongue. Throughout the story Melinda describes the pain she is going through every day as a result of her rape. The rape of a teenage girl often leads to depression. Melinda is convinced that nobody understands her, nor would they even if they knew what happened that summer. 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Women are the main target of this kind of abuse, but men have also been known to suffer. Colleges have implemented new programs to help educate students about the risks of date rape, but they lack in their effectiveness to keep the students interested. Most of the courses are mandatory to

The Ethics And Social Responsibility - 1040 Words

ETHNIC REFLECTION Vernedia Marie Tucker Dr. Govan Webster University of Little Rock, Arkansas Abstract Every individual view ethics differently. No matter how one view ethics at the end of the day ethics is a determination of an individual’s own belief of what is right or wrong. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is defined as â€Å"the notion that corporations have an obligation to constituent group’s union contracts.† No matter how one may view ethics and social responsibility in developing a strategic plan, or considering the stakeholders needs. Ethnic Ethics are defined as â€Å"the inner guiding moral principles, values, and beliefs use to analyze or interpret a situation and then decide what is the right or appropriate way to behave† . In other words, ethics represent the way people should act. When a person behaves ethically, they follow the rules of conduct that respects the rights of a particular group or individual, distinguishing between right and wrong. In regards to business, ethics has a say in the decisions managers make since these decisions will affect the overall success of the organization. It is important for management and companies to behave ethically. â€Å"When making business decisions, the claims of all stakeholders have to be considered.† A company’s stance on social responsibility is the way itsShow MoreRelatedEthics And Social Responsibility859 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Ethics and social responsibility 1. Introduction The contemporaneous business environment is more dynamic and more competitive than ever, reflecting a wide array of changes and challenges emerged from within the micro and the macro environments. An important example at this level is represented by the increasing pressures posed by the various categories of stakeholders. 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Kornberger, M. Pitsis. 2011, p.126.) Leadership in the post-bureaucratic era is essential for the success of a company, and also plays part into the Sustainability of Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility for an enterprise. In this essayRead MoreThe Concepts of Ethics and Social Responsibility866 Words   |  4 PagesThe concepts of ethics and social responsibility, in business, are whatever the company wants them to be. There is no fixed definition, so the company must make its own determination. Schulman (2006) notes that ethics and social responsibility factor into strategy because, like strategy, they cut to the essential core of the organization. Questions like What do we stand for?, What is our purpose?, and What values do we have? are central to both the ethics of the organization and its business

Kiva Instead Free Essays

Instead, informal systems and relationships, including loans from neighbors or relatives, and rotating savings/ credit clubs, have filled this gap. While such solutions have worked for some and are often the only option available, they can be inconsistent and unreliable during times of tremendous need. In addition, poor entrepreneurs can become trapped in vicious cycles of borrowing from local moneylenders, who may demand exorbitant interest rates. We will write a custom essay sample on Kiva Instead or any similar topic only for you Order Now Traditionally, banks were unwilling to provide loans to poor entrepreneurs due to the perceived risk. Common concerns included the fact that the unbanked were often illiterate, had no collateral, no prior credit history, and were not employed by anyone other than themselves. However, in 1976, Muhammad Yunus, seen by many s the visionary behind the microfinance movement, bucked conventional wisdom and loaned the equivalent of $27 of his own money to 1 This section is excerpted and modified from the Stanford 6SB case: Equity Bank (A), case no. E-260. Bethany Coates prepared this case under the supervision of Professor Garth Saloner as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright 2008 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, e-mail the Case Writing Office at: cwo@gsb. stanford. du or write: Case Writing Office, Stanford Graduate School of Business, 518 Memorial Way, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5015. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means † electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or 0th the Stantord Graduate School of Business. Kiva E-288 erwise wit hout the permission ot some poor craftsmen in Jobra, Bangladesh. After all of the borrowers repaid, he repeated the experiment with more villages, and over the years, grew his series of xperiments into a multibillion dollar bank that has provided small loans to over 5 million people worldwide. Years later, Yunus noted, â€Å"At Grameen, we don’t have any legal instrument between the lender and the borrower†¦. Everybody asks, What will happen if nobody pays back? I say, ‘But everybody pays back, so why should I worry about Grameen Bank charged 20 percent interest and reinvested all but 10 percent of earnings back into its operations. As Grameen grew, other leading microfinance institutions (MFIs), including ACCION International and Opportunity International, began to emerge and based their work on the same old ideas as Yunus: that the poor could reliably repay their loans, with interest, and could use the profits to grow their businesses. Mission-driven, nonprofit MFIs also entered the market. These organizations tended to pursue very rural or otherwise unreachable clients, even at great cost. They were able to provide financial services, including credit, tailored to the unique needs and limitations of the poor. How to cite Kiva Instead, Papers

Delivering a Persuasive Speech free essay sample

The purpose of this lesson is to improve students oral persuasion quenches by understanding I Writing the Persuasive I I I the appropriate speaking skills. The lesson is presented in second person, making it more meaningful as a I Curiousness Castle the students, and easier for the teacher to use as a handout. I I resource for Classroom I I Objectives: Students will be able to: I II) Demonstrate the appropriate classroom public speaking and listening skills (e. G. Body language, I [pick] I I articulation, listening to be able to identify specific examples of the speakers coordination of talking I [pick] I land action) that would be necessary to influence or change someones mind or way of thinking about I I topic. 1 12) Define the elements of persuasion. 1 13) Recognize the elements of personal credibility. 4) Develop methods to analyze other students speeches. 1 15) Understand outlining main ideas. 1 16) Create a persuasive speech. I I Resources/Materials: Teacher-prepared topics for persuasive speeches.I I Assessments: The Class will assess each speakers performance in terms of voice and body coordination, I I land in terms of persuasiveness. Each class can develop performance assessments such as rubrics to alleviate this process. I I Teachers Anticipatory Set: I I During class discussion, define and explain owe people make decisions based on what they see and hear. I Explain that sometimes we have to use skills to convince others about our positions. Have the students I recall and list their own experiences trying to convince their friends about something, and then ask them I class.I Tit share these with the I Activities and Procedures: Delivering a Persuasive Speech I I The Procedure I I Pick a proposition that not everyone would agree with such as: nuclear power plants are superior energy I Sources. Write a 6 to 8 minute speech in outline form to persuade the group. I I The Lesson: Your Voice and Body are Your Best Tools You are a natural persuader! You have done it all your life. Every time you enter a conversation, you I I I engage in elementary persuasion techniques. It is true, that any time you make a statement of fact, you I I large asserting its validity and assuming that your listener agrees.I I This speech goes further than a normal conversational assertion: now you have to assume that not everyone I I I will agree with you from the start, and it is your Job to make them see things your way. The goal of this I leech is to change someones mind or way of thinking about a topic. This is not a speech to sell, as you I I Did not ask that the listener do anything except to agree with you or to begin to listen to your way of I I thinking. Your message is, of course, very important in this speech, but your voice and body language are I I eleven more important. Here you will see how your delivery can help. Overall important aspects of presentation to keep in mind: I I There are I II) Body language make sure that you have a proper posture. If your shoulders are sagging and your legs I are crossed, you will not appear as being sincere and people Just will not accept your sage. 1 12) Articulation articulation means how your total vocal process works. There are several steps to this I I lintier process. First, you need air from the lungs, your vocal cords in your larynx must be working, your I mouth and tongue must be in sync, and you have to make sure that you have got some saliva in your mouth to I I keep things oiled.You should be aware of your physical makeup to be able to understand how you speak. 1 13) Pronunciation pronounce each word. Avoid slang, except to make a point, and do not slur your words. I I I Avoid saying, you know. 14) Pitch pitch refers to the highs and lows of your voice. Whatever you do, avoid a monotone! 1 15) Speed your speed, or pace, is an important variable to control. Between 140-160 words per minute is I I the normal pace for a persuasive speech. Any faster and you may appear to be glib; any slower and you I Sound like you are lecturing.If you are not sure about your speed, tape yourself for one minute and then I I replay it and count the number of words you used in the minute! The human ear and brain can compile and I I Decode over 400 spoken words per minute, so if you are going too slow your sterner minds are going to I as the brains finds other ways to keep themselves occupied. I Start to wander 1 16) Pauses the pause, or caesura, is a critical persuasive tool. When you want to emphasize a certain I word, Just pause for one second before; this highlights the word.If you really want to punch it, pause I I I before and after the word! 1 17) Volume volume is another good tool for persuasive speech, but you should use it with caution. If you I Scream all the way through your speech, people will become accustomed to it and it will lose its I I effectiveness. On the there hand, a few well-timed shouts can liven up the old speech! Try to project I I lord throw your voice out over the entire group speak to the last 1 18) Quality quality of voice is gauged by the overall impact that your voice has on your listeners.I I I Quality of voice is the net caliber of your voice, its character and attributes. Try to keep your vocal I quality high; it is what separates your voice from everyone elses. 1 19) Variance variance of vocal elements is your most important consideration of all! One of the most I I I persuasive speakers in modern history was Winston Churchill. One of his most remarkable qualities was his I I liability to vary the elements of his voice. He would start with a slow, laconic voice and then switch gears I I Iota more rapid pace. People were light-headed after listening to him! Even if you have no desire to run I I I for political office, you can still use the tools of variance. Change your pitch, volume, and speed at least once every 30 seconds, if only for Just one word. Never go more than one paragraph without a vocal I I Variance. This keeps your group locked into your speech, if for no other reason than it sounds I interesting! Let the words speak for themselves; reflect their nature through your voice. If you use the I I Reword strangle, say it with a hint of menace in your voice.If you say the word heave, let the group I I feel the onomatopoeic force behind it. If you say the word bulldozer, make it sound like a titan shovel. The Strategy: Appear Rational I I earthmover, not like a baby with a I I When you are trying to convince someone of something, you must first establish your credibility, or in I other words, you must sell yourself before you sell your message. If people feel that you are not being I I reasonable or rational, you do not stand a chance. You must be committed to the ideals and goals of your I leech and what you are saying.Do not use words such as maybe or might- use positive words such as I I lwill and must. I I You are the authority figure in this speech, so you had better supply enough information to prove your I points so that you can seem knowledgeable, and you had better know your material cold. People can usually I I spot someone who is trying to wing a speech. You should also appear to be truthful -even when you are I I really stretching a point. If you do not appear to be earnest, even if your message is the 100% truth, I I I people will doubt your word and tune out your speech.I I Lastly, do not be afraid to show a little emotion this is not a sterile or static speech. Your body and I I Voice must match the tone of your words. If your language is strong, you must present a physical force to I delivery. I I The Comments and Goals I I Self-control? I Gig along with your I I You cannot sit back and let your words do all of the talking. You must use your total self to deliver your I I I message, and this means that you will have to expose a little of your personality o the group. Your group I I I will be supportive. I I The Group Reaction I I The group has two major criteria to consider after each members speech. First, the delivery. Were the I leasers body, words, and actions in synchronization and harmony? Did one support the other or was there I I tension between the body and the voice? Secondly, were you persuaded? Why or why not? Discuss what makes I and how the intangibles effect a positive outcome. I I More Information? I la persuasive speech work I I For more information and help with public speaking, contact: http://capital. Net/-?BPCS/

periods-of-PHILIT Essays - Southeast Asia, Filipino People, Writers

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE I. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (--BC to1564) A.Characteristics 1. Basedonoraltraditions 2. Crude on ideology and phraseology B.LiteraryForms 1.OralLiterature a. Riddles (bugtong) - battle of witsamong participants Tigmo -Cebu Paktakon-Ilonggo Patotdon - Bicol b. Proverbs (salawikain) - wise sayings that contain a metaphor used toteach as a food for thought c. Tanaga - amono-riming heptasyllabic quatrain expressing insights and lessons on life is "more emotionally charged than the terse proverb and thus has affinities with the folk lyric." 2.Folk Songs -It is aform of folk lyric which expresses the hopes andaspirations, the people's lifestyles as well as their loves. Theseare often repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naive. a. Heleoroyayi-lullaby b.Ambahan (Mangyan) - 7-syllable per line poem that are about human relationships and socialentertainment c. Kalusan (Ivatan) - work songs that depict the livelihood of the people d. Tagay (Cebuanoand Waray) - drinking song e. Kanogan (Cebuano) - song of lamentation for the dead 3.FolkTales a.Myths -explain howthe worldwas created, howcertain animals possess certain characteristics, whysome places have waterfalls, volcanoes, mountains, flora or fauna. b.Legends-explaintheoriginofthings example: Why the Pineapple Has Eyes, The Legend of Maria Makiling c.Fables- usedanimalcharactersand allegory d. Fantastic stories - deal with underworld characters such as "tiyanak","aswang", "kapre" and others 4.Epics-These are "narratives of sustained length based on oral tradition revolving around supernatural eventsor heroic deeds" (Arsenio Manuel) Examples: Lam-ang(Ilocano) Hinilawod(Panay) Kudaman(Palawan) Darangen(Maranao) II.SPANISHCOLONIZATIONPERIOD(1565-1863) A.Characteristics 1. It has two distinct classifications: religious and secular 2. It introduced Spanish as the medium of communication B. LiteraryForms 1.Religious Literature -Religious lyrics written by ladino poets orthose versedin both Spanish and Tagalog were included in early catechism and were used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language. a. Pasyon -longnarrativepoemabout the passion and deathof Christ.The most popular was "Ang Mahal na Passion niJesu Cristong Panignoon Natin" by Aguino de Belen. b. Senakulo -dramatization of the pasyon,it shows the passionand deathofChrist. 2.Secular(non-religious) Literature a. Awit- colorful talesofchivalrymadefor singingand chanting Example: Ibong Adarna b. Korido- metrical talewritten inoctosyllabicquatrainsExample:Florante atLaura byF. Baltazar c.Prose Narratives -written to prescribe proper decorum i.Dialogo ii.ejemplo iii.ManualdeUrbanidad iv. tratado Examples: Modesto de Castro's " Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na siUrbana at si Feliza" and Joaquin Tuason's "Ang Bagong Robinson" (The NewRobinson) in 1879 III.NATIONALISTIC/PROPAGANDAANDREVOLUTIONARYPERIOD(1864 - 1896) A.Characteristics 1. Planted seeds of nationalism inFilipinos 2. Language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog 3. Addressed the masses instead of the "intelligentsia" B. Literary Forms 1.PropagandaLiterature- Reformatoryinobjective a.Political Essays- satires, editorialsandnews articles werewritten to attack and expose the evils ofSpanish rule i. DiariongTagalog -foundedbyMarcelo delPilar ii. LaSolidaridad -whose editor-in-chiefisGraciano Lopez-Jaena b.PoliticalNovels i.Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo- JoseRizal's masterpieces that paved the way to the revolution 2. RevolutionaryLiterature-morepropagandisticthanliteraryasitismoreviolent in nature anddemanded complete independence forthe country a. Political Essays - helped inflame the spirit of revolution i.Kalayaan - newspaper of the society, edited by Emilio Jacinto b.Poetry i.True Decalogue -ApolinarioMabini ii. Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas - AndresBonifacio iii. Liwanag at Dilim - Emilio Jacinto. IV.AMERICANCOLONIALPERIOD (1910- 1945) A. Period ofApprenticeship (1910-1930) 1. Filipino Writers imitated English and American models 2. Poems writtenwere amateurish andmushy,which phrasingand dictionis awkward and artificial a. Short Stories i. Dead Stars - Paz Marquez Benitez ii. The Key - Paz Latorena iii. Footnote to Youth - Jose Garcia Villa b. Novels i.ChildeofSorrow- firstnovel in English, by ZoiloGalang B.Period of Emergence(1920-1930) 1.Highly influenced byWesternliterarytrends like Romanticism and Realism a.ShortStories-mostprevalentliteraryform i.JoseGarciaVilla-earnedtheinternationaltitle"PoetoftheCentury" V.JAPANESEOCCUPATION(1942-1960) A. War Years(1942-1944) 1.Tagalogpoets brokeawayfrom the Balagtastradition andinstead wrote in simple language and free Verse. 2. Fictionprevailedoverpoetry a.25 Pinakamabuting Maikling Kathang Pilipino (1943) - compilation of the short story contest by themilitary government i.Suyuan saTubigan- MacarioPineda ii.LupangTinubuan-NarcisoReyes iii.UhawangTigangnaLupa- Liwayway Arceo B. Period of Maturity and Originality (1945-1960) 1. Bountiful harvest in poetry,fiction, drama and essay 2. FilipinowritersmasteredEnglishandfamiliarizedthemselveswith diverse techniques 3. Literary"giants"appeared a. Palanca Awards for Literature i. JoseGarciaVilla ii. NickJoaquin iii. NVMGonzales iv. BienvenidoSantos v. Gregorio Brillantes vi. GildaCordero Fernando b. NationalArtistAwards i. JoseGarciaVilla ii.NickJoaquin VI.CONTEMPORARY/MODERN PERIOD (1960- PRESENT) A.Characteristics 1. MartialLawrepressed andcurtailedhumanrights,includingfreedom ofthe press 2. Writers used symbolisms and allegories to drive home their message, at the face of heavy censorship 3. Theater was used as a vehicle for protest, such as the PETA (Phil. EducationalTheater Association) and UP Theater. 4. From theeightiesonwards,writers continue toshow dynamismand innovation Source: http://www.scribd.com/doc/36510088/Philippine-Literary-Periods#scribd

Charles Mingus Essays

Charles Mingus Essays Charles Mingus Essay Charles Mingus Essay provided an ideal forum to express to his wide audience his Charles Mining Discography session index. 2001. Jazz Discography Project. Retrieved 03 August, 2013, from ]zodiacs. Org/Charles-mining/discography/session-index/ Mining, Charles. Contemporary Musicians. Volvo. 9. Gale Coinage, 2006 4 M. Reef, Unexpected Activism. A Study of Louis Armstrong and Charles Mining as Activists Using 5 James Coots Theory of Public Versus Hidden Transcripts, p. 18 Thomas Vacancies Arrival E. Faustus, who in 1957 sent out the National Guard to prevent the integration of Little Rock Central High School by nine African American teenagers. And response from the horn section which is played in a combination of a somewhat mocking tone in order to depict Faustus as a fool, and in a raucous tone, to portray the anger as present n the African American community jazz critic Don Hickman who commented a classic Negro put-down in which satire becomes a deadly rapier-thrust. Faustus emerges in a glare of ridicule as a mock villain whom no-one really takes seriously. This kind of commentary Appears far too rarely in Jazz. achieved international acclaim as it was played and recorded extensively by the Mining Band during their 1964 European Tour. The influence of this composition was obvious in the Jazz community as it was recorded and played on numerous occasions by various musicians, including white musicians he popularity of Mining compositions, which depicted harsh, emotional power, influenced his musical peers to become increasingly outspoken and to play Mining political compositions. Mining influence in the political Jazz climate increased political action in his fellow jazz musicians and also those people in the public who attended his concerts. Racist practices in the recording industry, the conversationalist of music festivals, and the exploitation of black artists led to Mining forming his own record company Debut Records, his own publishing company, organizing a counter-festival to the increasingly commercialese Newport Jazz Festival, and founding the Jazz Artists Guild GAG) a collective in powerful classes was most evident in the formation of the JAG. The JAG was influential in preceding numerous musicians collectives which were all cooperative ventures that protested the rules governing the Jazz marketplace 1 a powerful force against racial discrimination, particularly in the music industry. Mining ability to communicate an agenda of resistance and protest to his audience hidden transcripts such as allegories in his compositions and musical statements made him ore outspoken than his counterparts Brown v. Board at Fifty: With an Even Hand. 2013. Library of Congress. Retrieved 06 June, 2013, from 6 Loc. Gob/exhibits/brown/brown-aftermath. HTML Fables of Faustus Song Review Ken Dryden. All Music. Retrieved 18 July, 2013, from http:// 7 www. Alembic. Com/song/fables-of-Faustus-mt0007689362 8 Hickman, Don (August 1962). About Charles Mining. American Record Guide: 916-18. AS cited cantors 2001, p. 198 The European Tour of 1964, Charles Mining, Retrieved 06 June, 2013, from http:// 9 mining. Monotone. Info/1964. HTML 10 (Masterpieces), p. M. Dunked, Aesthetics of Resistance Charles Mining and the Civil Rights Movement 11 (Masterpieces), p. 16 MM. Reef, Unexpected Activism. A Study of Louis Armstrong and Charles Mining as . In 1962, the song was re-recorded with lyrics to further . Musicians Joined Mining protest and thus presented . Thus, he could use music as a vehicle to express 3 strong political views supported the clear activism Mining freedom for Justice through music was an effective way of influencing the ordinate classes and subordinate classes. This was achieved through compositional devices and was giggly effective as it exemplified counterculture through music. He played bebop; a style of modern Jazz that developed in New York City during the early sass. It contained fast tempos, open soloing and complicated improvisation. 14 from post sass, bebop was a form of aesthetic protest and rebellion. 1 5 permanent black experience of oppression and discrimination in the USA. 16 interacted with the communal ideas of the CRM. Eh merged musical elements that represented diverse social groups within the Black community. He combined modern bebop elements with blues and sacred gospel music, representative of the lower classes pacification of bebop, combined with lower class blues and gospel music, Mining unified a diverse social group including the ordinate musician class through free, musical expression. Mining also used collective improvisation, a method where musicians improvised simultaneously. It bayed particular attention to how each band member interacted with the group as a whole. 19 band member expressed their musical freedom whilst playing a style of music reflecting Black grievances against discrimination. Mining captured the ordinate musician classes as many notable musicians played Mining songs which included these compositional consequences they exerted activism. In Fables of Faustus, Mining cleverly uses lyrics in conjunction with staccato (short and choppy) notes, stable sounds and unstable sounds which produces a tone of insanity. Since this song attempts to criticism Governor Faustus, this compositional device gives the impression that Faustus is psychotic. Hence, Mining used compositional form of activism to underpin the outspoken forms of activism. These combined forms of activism created a unique and powerful view towards the CRM. According to many African-American scholars This created potential for a visual image for an open protest as each Unexpected Activism: A Study of Louis Armstrong and Charles Mining as Activists Using James 13 Coots Theory of Public Versus Hidden Transcripts, up. 18, Melanie Riff bebop. 2013. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved 08 August, 2013, prompt:// 14 www. Britannica. Com/Upchucked/topic/57837/bebop 15 M. Dunked, Aesthetics of Resistance Charles Mining and the Civil Rights Movement (Masterpieces), p. 7 MM. Dunked, Aesthetics of Resistance Charles Mining and the Civil Rights Movement (Masterpieces), p. 38 MM. Dunked, Aesthetics of Resistance Charles Mining and the Civil Rights Movement Masterpieces), p. 89 18 Retrieved July 19 23, 2013, from http://accent. Columbia. Du/pro]sects/]glossary/c/ collective_improvisation. HTML Charles Mining Cover Songs. 2009. Covers Project. Retrieved July 23, 2013, from www. Coversheet. Com/artist/Charles musingsMiMiningdentified music as a means of unity, insisting that music is all one21 comparisons with racial segregation and music genres. He attempted to break the barriers that lay between Jazz and classical music by incorporating elements from both fields, creating a medium. 22 musicians where he imagined a world free of racial restrictions and generic atdisgorgesHis activism was in the form of outspoken statements where he called for greater integration in the music world; Today, musicians in all races are proving that no race is endowed with special abilities for any profession and that every musician has an equal chance if given the proper start and study needed for playing correctly. 23 Arguably his most effective contribution to the CRM was his articulation of free musical expression as depicted in the prestigious downbeat magazines. MiMiningerecognizedf Jazz Journalist and its effect on the ability of the Jazz musician to make a living as Black West Coast America suffered from a lack of critique and was subsequently not rerecognizedn merit. He wrote to Gleason, expressing his belief that music was an expression of the emotional self. In doing so, he tried to create a climate in which these musicians would have the creative freedom and material resources to pursue their art. By writing to the critic, MiMiningrticulated his aesthetic vision of inequality in the music business. This encouraged musicians in the future to strive for free musical expression, where black musicians would predominantly create music infused with musical expression ideas about race, culture citizenship, civil and coeconomicights, and black rirightisthe supportive critic, Gleason. MiMiningethos prior to this publication was already respected as he had been written glowingly in Downbeat during 1949. Therefore, he was more influential to the ordinate musician class. This was further underpinned when the article was reproduced in 1953 and to an even greater extent when MiMiningonducted a CoColorlind Test, notable musicians had to identify personnel on records people identifying anonymous black artists as white artists and vice versa. The results were published, along with the support of critic

Violence In The Workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Violence In The Workplace - Research Paper Example is there in the workplace on the basis of a number of reasons such as inappropriate attitudes from management and co-workers, injustice, sexual harassment, inequality, presumptuousness, workload and social pressure. The management and the employer must take preventive measures to control any act of violence and aggression. Violence and aggression are such concepts that come to the forefront many times because of the inappropriate attitudes of the employers and co-workers. There are many kinds of violence that can take place in the workplaces. The workplace stress and aggression is a reality that is faced by a number of people who work at different work places (Gill, 2002). At some occasions, where the management is very responsive, there are fewer chances of these attitudes. Violence cannot be considered as a negligible aspect because it affects the employees, the workplace and customers to a great extent. Violence is considered to be an outcome of personal problems, physical and emotional dysfunctional behavior, social pressure, workplace pressure, employers’ demands, workload, inequality, harassment and much more (Glomb, 2000). When an employee acts violently or aggressively, it cannot be considered as wholly as the activity, which is only employee-based. There are reasons behind the violent act of an employee. The purpose of this study is to find why violence in the workplace place is caused and what are the effects of the violence in the workplace? This study considers a detailed literature review in which, various articles, books and journals are analyzed in terms of their notification about violence and its reasons in a workplace. This research paper takes into account the workplace stress and aggressiveness experienced by different workers of different workplaces to form an opinion regarding the type of stresses and aggressive attitudes felt and experienced by the employees. This research proves that the workers and employees show stress, violence and

E Business of Qatar Airways Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

E Business of Qatar Airways - Research Paper Example Since by using the internet every organization in the world becomes a local competitor. However, almost every organization now realizes that the internet is a very supportive technology for better-dealing clients and reaching into the global markets (Summers et al., 2003, p.67; Watson et al., 2000; Rao et al., 1998). This paper presents a detailed analysis of the ‘Qatar Airways’ airline company regarding its current and future use of e-business and internet technologies. The basic aim of this research is to provide a deep insight into the presently working web-based business structure and further enhancements in e-business technologies. This paper will also address the basic idea to develop a novel business model and how Qatar Airways can apply an appropriate web-based business strategy to enhance its business. This research will present the idea regarding the implementation of the new web-based/e-commerce technology for the potential enhancement of the business and mark etplace. In addition, this research will cover Qatar Airways present online business technology, its key benefits, functional specification, and implementation steps for the implementation of the new internet and business technology that can enhance the Qatar Airways business support, offer a better competitive edge, support business operations and provide strength for effective handling of the business operations. This business sector I have selected is the web-based platform for airway’s business. Additionally, the business sector I have selected is new in the field of e-commerce business. At present, a lot of airway companies are offering web-based business support, for instance, web-based booking, online payment and other facilities. However, our research is about a bit different e-commerce based business platform for the Qatar Airways Business.

Hollywood Science Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hollywood Science - Research Paper Example The film presents the scenario of doing a spacewalk extremely well. Notably, the visual impact of the astronauts to possess only the glass of their helmet between them and the Earth is legitimate in scientific terms. Similarly, the director renders the physicality and movement during the spacewalk in an accurate manner. Many scenes reveal the challenging attempt of the astronauts to start a motion and stop it in the vacuum place. It is scientifically correct that stopping motion in the vacuum is difficult. Although the execution of realism by detailing the real danger of the space travel is evident in the film, the closer examination of Gravity shows minor scientific flaws. Largely, the film Gravity violates the laws of physics. Notably, it is difficult for the astronauts to hop from a particular spacecraft to another easily. The shift from one station to the other demands tremendous energy, as well as, careful planning in order to change the orbits. The capturing of the simplicity to navigate in the space evokes questions about the plausibility of the application of the laws of physics. Hence, the film makes a notable error in presenting the shifting as an easy endeavor in the space. Similarly, the film fails to utilize the fundamental facts of science when the director presents a character struggling out in a vacuum. It is a mystery for Clooney to release Bullock’s tether, and the attempt makes the two characters to drift away from each other. In reality, the space has zero gravity. Thus, the scientific laws should dictate that a single tug would automatically bring bodies together instead of separating them. Efthimbiou and Ralph contend that a failure to incorporate fundamental scientific facts render sci-fiction films less informing. In essence, the film recreates the shuttle, the spacesuits, and space station perhaps to add drama or extend the plot. Arguably, overemphasis of the simulation of the physics about thrusts and counter-spin is noticeable in

Systematic Research

Systematic Research Introduction This report is to critical review a journal article, titled as ‘The role of management characteristics in the internationalisation of SMEs by Karise Hutchinson and Barry Quinn, School of Business, Retail and Financial Services, (university of Ulster, Colearine. UK) and Nicholas Alexander, Centre for research in Marketting, School of management and Business, (University of Whales, Aberystwyth, UK). The research was published in International Journal of Small Business and Enterprises Development, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2006. According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2003), the research is defined as â€Å"something people undertake in order to find out things in the systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge†, Ghauri Gronhaug (2002) in addition to it ‘Systematic Research it is based on logics and not relied on just beliefs (quoted in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2003). For any type of research appropriate initial planning should be done for reaching expectation of the research objective. (Hague Jackson, 1996). So according to this research journal will be analyse in the report in orders to review that authors have conducted the research systematically by focusing on below key components: 1) Project Rationale 2) Literature Review 3) Research Paradigm Design 4) Research Methods 5) Research Results Presentation Project Rationale Research Rationale According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2003), while choosing any research topic or idea should be connected with ‘rational thinking and ‘creative thinking. In the given article the authors Hutchinson et. al (2006) have focus on internationalisation of SMEs in U.K retail sector. In this article author main focus on the evidence gathered from 9 establish international retail SMEs originating from the UK retail sector by Hutchinson et al. (2005). In this research the author have mentioned reviews of different author from different literature in relating to the internationalisation of SMEs. In supporting their literature review, author has taken the evidence of 9 established international retail SMEs companies case study within UK retail sector. In this article manager is presented as their main role because of the direct responsibility in decision making for SMEs, Also he is directly responsible for every decision. This article is highlighted the enlarging form of theor etical framework of Hutchinson et al. (2005). In the given article retailing is important for every country in between their production and consumption. If we go up in the past report from the last several years UK retail sector is keep growing and every year there is an increment of 15% from the next five years till 2011. (www.prospects.ac.uk). In the article the author states that international expansion is very important for every firm who deals in limited geographic area with their small financial base. Further study has also been recommended by many authors in internationalisation of SMEs like Iben (2003), Moini (1995). Moreover, this study is also highlighted the characteristics of founder and export relating decision in small firms Hutchinson et. al (2006). In this study multiple case approaches in argument to s single case used in their result, also the use of in-depth study can be seen in this article . For gathering the data author have used qualitative techniques in his research where the author has used face- to -face semi -structured interviews with open- ended questions from the relevant person, company reports, and archival information. For secondary data author have used important evidence, which were analysed on the basis of the study. Hutchinson et. al (2006). Research Aims and Objectives Saunders, Lewis Thornhill (2003) for every research researcher aim and objective should be clear at the same time it should provide purpose and direction of the research without setting aim and objective will divert the researcher from their study. The authors however showed the research aims and objectives in the research journal that can be summarised by the following: Aim: The aim of this study is to specifically explore the role of management characteristics in the internationalisation of SMEs Hutchinson et. al (2006). In order to reach his aim author have set the following objective: To investigate the importance and impact of objective and subjective factor in decision making in the internationalisation of SMEs. To explore the business skill, positive attitude to risk and the vision of the entrepreneur, ability to network can be useful valid indicators for the internationalisation of SMEs or not. To explain how the importance of decision maker in internationalisation of SMEs. . LITERATURE REVIEW : In this article author have conducted the literature review mostly from â€Å"secondary literature sources† i.e books, journals, article also ‘primary literature source from face-to-face interviews with relevant person, open-ended semi-structured approach, analysing their company report. Author has used all the relevant data, which is derived from the evidence of case study in UK retail sector. Author has done beautifully research, which is directly link up with their key words. This article clearly present the different reviews of many writers for internationalisation of SMEs. Also author has taken the help of previous research by Hutchinson et al(2005) and present their result in finding the role of objective and subjective factors in the internationalisation of SMEs. This article has presented some example [(such as The Body Shop (Anita Roddick), Virgin (Richard Branson), Laure Ashley (Laura and Bernard Ashley)] of people who have positive risk taking attitude which is important factor in globalisation of SMEs Hutchinson et. al (2006). Critical Literature Review Literature Review is important because it helps the researcher itself to make his research more clear and understandable in better way. For this purpose the researcher first needs to justify to himself that the study is worth conducting. Review of existing body of literature does precisely that. In addition to it, the researchers should have a clear cut idea what he wants to do achieve in his research (Remenyi, Williams, Money Swartz, 1998). By the term ‘critically analyse the literature review, Dee (2000) suggests that researcher should refer to work by 1) accepted experts or literature in that field, 2) select both supportive and unsupportive literature in a logical manner to the research area, 3) judge the importance of the literature by differentiating clearly between fact and opinion (quoted in Saunders, Lewis Thornhill, 2003). Strong Points By Critical Literature Review: By using different literature from different variety of sources, which make this research more understandable and clear towards the aim of the study. By indication of the key word in introduction parts is fruitful and helpful in exploring the same topic also at the same time study make it clear that the author has doing his research with in their related topic. By using the strong points of case study that the importance of manager in decision making in the internationalisation of SMEs Hutchinson et. al (2006). Weak points: In the given article literature used by the author is not up-to date most of the time article referred for the research are old. In the given article author for his research has used previous research of the different authors, old journals, articles are very limited source in supporting their research. He could have come up with more authors views for attaining their objective or make this study more effective. The author have selected for his research 17 different international retail SMEs out of which he has taken only the evidence of 9 international SMEs in his research Hutchinson et. al (2006). Research Paradigm Design Research Paradigm According to Remenyi, Williams, Money Swartz (1998) Research Paradigm it is of 4 types categories. First is Epistemology which focuses on the relationship between enquirer and known, second is Ontology which focuses on humanity and social reality. Third is Human Nature which focuses on human nature and environmental and last is Methodology which focuses on approaches to evidence collection. According to the article author have used Epistemology as research paradigm for his research. The reason behind is author has put focus on how does the decision of manager important in globalisation of SMEs. Moreover, to this by conduction face-to-face interviews, open-ended questions with relevant person is fully link in between the enquirer and known from this points research is interpretive (Eisenhardt, 1989; Yin, 1989). Research Design A research design is a framework for conducting a research project as it contains the step-by-step procedure for obtaining important information to structure research problem. (Malhotra and brisks, 2007). Research design it contained many components like case study, experiments, survey, cross sectional studies, longitudinal studies, explanatory studies, descriptive studies, action research, ethnography, and grounded theory (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2003). In the referred article author collected the data mainly from secondary source of strong points of evidence of case study, also from books, journals and expertise in order to find out the importance of 5 factors in the success and development of internationalisation of SMEs. Moreover, to reaching his aims he applied ‘Exploratory, Descriptive and Explanatory Studies in research design. According to SaundersLewis and Thornhill (2003) ‘Exploratory Studies is useful for clarifying and exploring the perception in that research from the way of different literature, by taking advices and help form experts. For attaining the aim of this research author identifies the role of manager in decision-making in development also refer different books of many authors. ‘Explanatory Studies means a situation to indentify the relationship between their variables. In this regard author has mentioned a meaning full title to their work, which shows that research in done in international S MEs in retail sector Hutchinson et. al (2006). Research Approach Deductive and Inductive are two types of approaches. According to Carson et al. (2005) deductive approach is based on the theoretical structure development for testing with statistical methods. This approach allows to the researcher to test the theory by observation or survey. While inductive approach focus on the shift of theory to data observation which sufficient sample size and validity of data. (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2003). In this study author has used deductive approach because researchers has beautifully research with in their keyword also on the basis of evidence case study, by using exploratory study to connect with literature review in searching the data whether the business skills, positive risk attitude, ability to network, vision of the entrepreneur are factors in globalisations of SMEs. In addition to it author has clearly present different views of many authors thats makes this research more sensible Hutchinson et. al (2006). Research Methodology Research Strategy According to Creswell (2003) research strategy is of three types; Qualitative Approach, Quantitative Approach and Mixed Methods Approach, as all these approaches are different from each other for collecting data, for getting results and data analysis. In this article the researcher for reaching their objectives employed Mixed Methods Approach as research strategy as the researcher collected both quantitative and qualitative data. For Qualitative approach author have used several authors opinions, previous research report, face-to face interviews, open-ended semi-structured questionnaire in drawing their conclusion. For Quantitative approach researcher has taken 9 establish international SMEs case study Hutchinson et. al (2006). Data Collection Methods: According to the McDaniel and Gate (2001) there are two ways of collecting the data; 1) Primary Data: In this data is collected for the first time for the research such as observations, experimentation and survey research. 2) Secondary Data: It is the previously researched data collected from different types of sources such as, journals, internet database, company report or website or any researcher report etc. In this author has mainly use secondary data for gathering information from books, journals, previously and report on the same topic. Author also used evidence of establish international SMEs case study. Strength Weakness of Research Methodology: In the article the researcher for doing the research used Deductive approach as the research approach, for research design used Exploratory, Descriptive and Explanatory Studies, Qualitative research as research strategy and for collection of the data used secondary data for conducting the research. There are some strength and weakness in the research, which are as follows: Strong points: By using in-depth case study, multiple case approach make more understandable in achieving their aim and objectives of this research. Moreover, this study is in the context of small and medium size firm SMEs, which focus on aim of the study. Beautifully present the domestic and international activities of all 9 companies by dividing into 4 different retail sectors also put emphasis on formal contact because to avoid small size firm with in strange market. In the given article author have clearly mentioned the expand work of Hutichinson et al. (2005). In addition to it author has beautifully identify the gap in the study. Given study clears that both formal and informal contact is necessary for internationalisation of SMEs by using this contact he could have done it better or very easy in setting up firm branch overseas Hutchinson et. al (2006). Weak points: By using less quantitative and objective technique can be seen in this article. So we can say that there is lack of real information. In secondary research he could have done something more to add the data in his research to make his research relevant in terms of if someone read this article then he can easily understand the result derive from secondary data is relevant by using proper data. From the sample of 17 companies choosing only 9 established international retail SMEs whose sale turnover is less then 25 millions that make this research more difficult in drawing their result or not realistic. By using uneven samples categories in conducting their research such as small, medium and large, if he want to do research in my viewpoint he could have to choose one categories with one sector thats makes easy or clearer in understanding. None of the sample is similar to anyone, so on this basis it clears that the result arrive from research is not so relevant. If the make the sample of 17 internationalised companies then study prove to be more relevant. Also in primary research author he could have come up with more face-to face interviews, with more questioners so that the conclusion can draw easily Hutchinson et. al (2006). RESULT AND PRESENTATION Relative Value and Context result In this article authors research result has appropriate link to the key words of the topic that has been mentioned in the literature review by researcher. In the result author has successfully proposed their study in different section from their domestic turnover wise which provides total description for both domestic and international activities of all 9 companies and it is fully interpretive in nature. In addition to it author has clearly relate to objective managerial characteristics to decision maker ability, global experience and business skills, also choices of choosing foreign market defers from case to case in the expansion of internationalisation of SMEs. This study proves that the pivotal role of manager in the internationalisation of SMEs in UK retail sector. In this study author has also clear the importance role of both formal and informal contact are important factors in the early expansion and development of business overseas. Also author has taken uneven sample of com panies that some company has only two branches in overseas and some having more then 30 branch worldwide. All the 9 companies taken by author are in the favour of positive decision in the overall business performance. This research successfully proves the close relationship between characteristics of decision maker and inclination to initiate and develop international activity Moreover, after reaching the result author has also given implication for manger for both public and private support organisation. By giving importance to customer service which proves the importance of business skill in retailing and branding this asserts the importance of management knowledge of the international retail business environment Hutchinson et. al (2006). Presentation Structures In the referred article author presented very beautifully structure to his article so that it is easy to clear the main aim and objective of this research and after that he presented step-by-step link up with research topic and his key words that already clearly mentioned by researcher in the abstract part. In presenting all reviews of different authors turn his study in more realistic way then moved to explaining the objective and subjective factors in decision making in internationalisation of SMEs then gave their conclusion. For making his research more effective and authentic author has taken the help of good examples and with good arguments. In the given article researcher has used the strong points of evidence of case study that makes study more effective and easy to understand Hutchinson et. al (2006). CONCLUSION After completed critically analysis in this research, in my viewpoint this research gave us a lot of knowledge about the importance of decision maters in internationalisation of SMEs. Moreover, author has also given the implication for manager in both public and private support companies. He has also mentioned at what certain both formal and informal contact matters when company initially opening their firm in overseas. Moreover, to this results are very general. By making his research more effective he could have compare more then one sector but still this study is interesting and need a lot to do in further research. Author has beautifully identified the gap of the study. By adding regression analysis, graphs or charts or some other useful tool attached to he appendix in finding the result to get the idea easily and clearly Hutchinson et. al (2006). Bibliography Carson, D et.al (2005) Qualitative Marketing Research. London, SAGE Publications Ltd. Creswell, J., W. (2003), ‘Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 2nd ed., California: SAGE Publications Ltd. Malhotra, N. and Birks, D. (2007), ‘Marketing Research: An applied approach. 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, Financial times. McDaniel, C. Gate, R. (2001), ‘Marketing Research Essentials, 3rd ed., Ohio: South-Western College Publishing. Remenyi, D., Williams, B., Money, A. Swartz, E. (1998), ‘Doing Research in Business and Management: An Introduction to Process and Method, London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. (2003), ‘Research Methods for Business Students, 3rd ed., Essex: Pearson Education Limited. http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Explore_job_sectors/Retail/overview/p!egiLLL http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6TUuXQifwxoCpg=PA280lpg=PA280dq=any+books+on+internationalisation+of+sMEssource=blots=brYSpAWGAJsig=kh5oVONN4DAFAKze7rSioizjbnchl=enei=zj5wSuTZOMKZjAeLx7GSBQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=9 Quinn, B., Hutchinson, K. and Alexander, N. (1998), ‘The role of management characteristics in the internationalisation of SMEs :Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development Vol. 13 No. 4

Beluga Whales :: essays research papers

A. Swimming. 1. In general, beluga whales are slow swimmers. They commonly swim about 3 to 9 kph (1.9-5.6 mph). They are, however, capable of sustaining a maximum speed of 22 kph (13.6 mph) for as long as 15 minutes (Nowak, 1991; Ridgway and Harrison, 1981). 2. Belugas can swim forward and backward (Nowak, 1991). 3. Beluga whales often swim at depths barely covering their bodies (Ridgway and Harrison, 1981). B. Diving. 1. Beluga whales typically don't dive very deep, usually to about 20 m (66 ft.). Belugas are not generally thought of as deep-diving marine mammals, but they are capable of diving to extreme depths. Under experimental conditions a trained beluga whale repeatedly dove to 400 m (1,312 ft.) with ease, and even dove to a depth of 647 m (2,123 ft.) (Nowak, 1991; Ridgway et. al., 1984). 2. A typical dive usually lasts three to five minutes, but belugas can stay submerged for as long as 15 minutes (Nowak, 1991; Ridgway and Harrison, 1981). 3. In estuaries the usual diving sequence lasts about two minutes; the sequence consists of five to six shallow dives followed by a one-minute-long deeper dive (Ridgway and Harrison, 1981). 4. All marine mammals have physiological adaptations for diving. These adaptations enable a beluga whale to conserve oxygen while it's under water. a. Beluga whales, like other marine mammals, have a slower heart rate while diving. A beluga whale's heart rate slows from about 100 to about 12 to 20 beats per minute during a dive (Ridgway, 1972). b. When diving, blood is shunted away from tissues tolerant of low oxygen levels toward the heart, lungs, and brain, where oxygen is needed. c. Beluga whales retain more oxygen in their blood than most mammals do. A beluga whale's blood volume percentage (5.5%) is higher than a land mammal's, and similar to a Weddell seal's (a deep-diving marine mammal). One study found a female beluga to have 16.5 l (17.4 qt.) of oxygen in her blood (Ridgway et. al., 1984). d. The muscle of beluga whales has a high content of the oxygen-binding protein myoglobin. Myoglobin stores oxygen and helps prevent muscle oxygen deficiency. C. Respiration. 1. A beluga whale breathes through a single blowhole, a modified nasal opening. a. The beluga whale holds its breath while under water. b. It opens its blowhole and begins to exhale just before reaching the surface of the water. c.

Gender, Resistance, and Violence Essay

Most people in the capitalist west take it for granted that what they refer to as the Muslim world is recognized most for marginalization and mistreatment of women and girls (Arebi, 99). This belief runs so deep that some westerners are shocked at the sight of Muslim women travelling alone or freely dressed (El-Ghobashy, 110). While the grounds for this belief may have been less shaky centuries ago, women in the Arab world have been taking more active leadership at all levels, rising to become national leaders in such countries as Pakistan, Turkey and the former Yugoslavia (Caprioli & Boyer, 506). The West, and the relatively young Israel, have attacked the Arab world on numerous occasions and not surprisingly, their soldiers are currently occupying Iraq and Afghanistan. The occupying soldiers have been blamed for imposing curfews, sexual assault, beating and humiliating the locals, shooting and injuring parents and their children, and closing border crossings at will (Dubinsky, Krull, Lord, Mills & Rutherford, 16; Mbembe, 39). It is not surprising that a large percentage of Americans are suspicious of Muslims (Asad, 97). Predictably, men in the Middle East have dominated the counter-assault on occupying forces, using such tactics as guerilla attacks, landmines, bombs and suicide attacks. However, women have not taken the backseat they would have been expected to take a century ago (Massad, 469). In resistance to occupation forces and the consequent assault on their culture, thousands of Muslim women have welcomed extremist anti-West ideas and proceeded to attack the occupying soldiers (Crossette, 39). Granted that women attract less suspicion, they make choice suicide bombers. According to Asad (94), the life of an Arab is far cheaper than an Israeli’s, according to the Israelis. It is not odd that the latter kills Arabs in their hundreds for every one Israeli killed. Arab women have been direct and indirect victims of these attacks. It is to defend their people against Israeli- and Western-inspired attacks that more and more women have joined the combat ranks of extremist organizations. Arab women have also led aggressive resistance political campaigns to champion their causes with varying levels of success (Hasso, 90). Thousands of Arab women have sought high-level education in the west and have initiated campaigns of resistance against the attacks aimed at the Arabs. Bibliography Arebi, S. Gender Anthropology in the Middle East: The Politics of Muslim Women’s Misrepresentation. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1991: pp 91-108. Asad, T. Talal Asad on Suicide Bombing. Caprioli, M. & Boyer, M. Gender Violence, and International Crisis. Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 45, No. 4, August 2001: pp 503-518. Crossette, B. Militancy: Living in a World Without Women. The New York Times, November 4, 2001. Dubinsky, K. , Krull, C. , Lord, S. , Mills, S. & Rutherford, S. (Eds). New World Coming: The Sixties and the Shaping of Global Consciousness. Toronto: Between the Lines, 2009. El-Ghobashy. Quandaries of Representation. Hasso, F. Resistance, Repression, and Gender Politics in Occupied Palestine and Jordan. Massad, J. Conceiving the Masculine: Gender and Palestinian Nationalism. Middle East Journal, Vol. 49, No. 3 (1995): pp 467-483. Mbembe, A. Necropolitics. Public Culture 15(1), 2003. Pp 11-40.

In the Mind of Psychopaths Essays

In the Mind of Psychopaths Essays In the Mind of Psychopaths Essay In the Mind of Psychopaths Essay Ravina Patel 1136613 General Psychology assignment- Wider awareness Pondering on psychopathic traits Aided by brain scans (MRI), scientists have found that psychopaths have significant brain impairments, which are decreased amount of grey matter in the brain responsible for processing empathy, moral reasoning and guilt that clearly affect their ability to feel emotions, and to react to other people’s distress. Also, other studies have linked the amygdala with psychopathic traits as this area is related to aggressive behavior. Abnormalities in other parts of the brain such as the orbitofrontal cortex have also been correlated to psychopathy, as this area is responsible for lying, irresponsibility, and lack of emotion. Brain scans have also shown that psychopaths (with mean, aggressive, rude attitude) have more activity in the part of the brain related to the expectation of rewards. Other than physical brain abnormalities, genes could also be playing a role on psychopathic behavior (monster-like behavior such as merciless killing, torturing, cannibalism, etc. . Psychopaths can also be considered as â€Å"natural born predators† as they tend to sense emotions such as fear accurately. Apart from biology, social upbringing can also be playing a role in psychopath’s lives. In fact, violent upbringing can contribute to psychopathic traits. However, psychopathic traits cannot be explained with simply one factor or another; it is a combination of biological traits, social traits, personal psychology and biochemical traits that are combined to explain psychopathic behavior. According to Dr. Robert Hare, the percentage of psychopaths in Canada goes up to 1% of the total population. One important distinction to make is that psychopaths are not necessarily murderous creatures. In fact, many of them may not even be criminals. However, people with lack of emotions, feelings, remorse or concern for other’s well being do tend to contribute to destroyed lives. Antisocial personality disorder (psychopath) is defined as â€Å"behavior outside any ethical and legal standard of society† (376). As stated in the article, the textbook confirms that the amygdala plays a key role in emotion, especially when it comes to fear and aggression (57,315). In accordance with the article, the textbook’s authors also state that psychopaths feel little distress for others and they see no wrong in their cruel behaviors toward others (376). From Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, morality in the first stages (childhood stages) is based on rewards, punishments and exchange of favors. On the conventional level, morality is based on the adherence of social rules and norms. Lastly, in the postcoventional level, individuals do the difference between what is right and what is wrong, and define morality in terms of social principles (274,275). Psychopaths do not seem to follow this path at all since their judgments are impaired with other brain abnormalities. In agreement with the article, psychopaths are not always criminals. Some may be politicians or even business people. Their impulsive behavior and lack of conscience harm people surrounding them (377). Unlike sane people, psychopaths â€Å"have abnormal low activity in the brain during stress periods† (they do not feel the pressure to perform well or whatsoever) and they have less grey matter in their frontal lobes (responsible for emotion, reasoning, and problem solving (377). In agreement with both the article and the textbook, lack of grey matter in the frontal lobe can also explain psychopath’s manipulative behaviors and impulsive acts. As stated in the article, the nurture environment plays a role in antisocial personality disorder. Abusive upbringing, anything from emotional deprivation to wrong disciplinary rules affects psychopaths (377). They also have low sense of moral development. In fact, they do not have a sharp sense of what is right and what is wrong (276). Killing and causing harm to others may not be considered â€Å"bad† from psychopaths’ judgment. Other people may be just perceived as mere objects of pleasure, or torture. The textbook and the articles basically state the same concepts of brain abnormalities to explain psychopathic behaviors. The amygdala, along with other regions of the brain can explain some cruel behaviors. Similarly, during the early stage of development of the child, some trauma such as violent upbringing can also accentuate violent behavior in the future. I found this article particularly interesting because psychopathic behaviors are not always subject to a lot of discussions. Psychopaths are hidden in society and we tend to live with them, not knowing how they can (or can’t) ruin our lives. Maybe someone close to us may present traits of a psychopath, but we ignore or deny it. I am almost fascinated by their relationship with the rest of humanity. I probably wont ever get over the fact that psychopaths are capable of doing inhuman acts and not find anything wrong to it (such as cannibalism). I used to think that psychopaths had completely different social behaviors, which made them very distinct from other people. Now I know that it is not the case. I can’t tell if someone close-minded, incapable of loving, insincere, impulsive, egocentric and harsh is dangerous or not. At some point, this feeling causes insecurity in its own environment.

XML and ebXML Essays

XML and ebXML Essays XML and ebXML Essay XML and ebXML Essay ebXML is an acronym which stands for â€Å"Electronic Business Extensible Markup Language†. From ebXML.org website, the description says that it is a modular suite of specification that enables global electronic market by allowing enterprises around the world to conduct business over the internet. It can be likened to the English language, although different people from different nationalities speak of different language, English is there to facilitate communication and that is why it is considered as the international language. In the same way, ebXML is the language or a tool which businesses can use to have better communication with each other. However, we are not referring to simple communications here, as we are referring to those complicated processes that are taking place in the context of the electronic business. The complexities of different forms of technology utilized by different enterprises have reduced the compatibility of data shared between enterprises electronically. High rate of incompatibility can be blamed from the fact that enterprises do not have one man who does the preparation of the information to be shared, but instead they rely most of the preparation to their own experts. Information systems used by different enterprises in most cases do not produce outputs of common format, and that’s another issue of incompatibility. There came a time when XML was introduced to the market, and it was widely accepted and utilized in information sharing. However, the absence of one man to do the preparation is still a problem. XML based information shared by businesses where having different specifications, structures, and definition. Still businesses were not able to resolve the situation. This problem has long been recognized as a barrier to the success of enabling a global electr onic market. It has long been realized that the only solution is to develop a common or standard rules, tools, or guidelines of formatting information. It is also widely accepted that XML is effective and the problem with incompatibility between XML based information can be solved by creating an open technical framework containing to enable uniform and consistent use of XML. ebXML helps reduce the cost of information sharing among enterprises. Many enterprises have long been sharing information through the use of Electronic Data Interface and this method is expensive. ebXML on the other hand is an economy-of-scale and implementation is easier because it can be implemented through the internet and other available networks. Enterprises no longer worry of the high cost of paying for hand carry, mail service, or make subsequent faxes, making phone calls to send information to other enterprises. It facilitates market expansion by locating potential businesses to partner with from different locations around the world. There’s no need to worry of incompatibility or misunderstanding. ebXML offers a single framework of exchanging XML based information which enterprises having access to the system can use. ebXML is secured. All information registered and shared in an ebXML system is authenticated and regulated by security policy set by the ebXML supporters. Its specifications are supported and continually updated by OASIS , UN/CEFACT, and many other organizations aiming for achieving international standardizations of business operation. ebXML achieved compatibility by providing enterprises with standardized message structures, standardized business process sequence, clear business semantics, and standardized business trading agreements. This makes business to business transactions processing quicker and efficient regardless of geographical locations as long as they are having access to the network running an ebXML compliant system. Sample ebXML implementations is the Dealersphere, a web-service based integration implemented for the auto industry. Car dealers who registered with dealership was connected to each other by the dealersphere engine plugged into dealer’s LAN. Other implementation was conducted supported by CECID and Hongkong government was deployed in eInvoicing System for Metro Operator (MTRC), eProcurement system for HMV Hongkong and Sony Hongkong, and the Dangerous Goods Manifests Submission System, and many others. Other CECID contribution to ebXML implementation is the Hermes (ebMS), and ebMail for freebXML,org website. Other implementations are the ebXML Messaging Services Interoperability and Conformance Validation Test conducted by eBusinessReady, Electronic hiring of temporary staff by European openExchange. Implementation of ebXML The prefix â€Å"eb† may have made the term â€Å"ebXML† as different from XML. Implementing ebXML compliant document structures can be done manually or automatically. No need to worry about purchasing new machines, it is designed to be independent. It can run on machines which support standard internet transfer protocol and XML. Existing computer systems supports the two basic requirements. Doing it manually requires not only knowledge in XML, but also of the internationally agreed standards of how XML should be used. Details of how ebXML is to be implemented are found on ebXML specifications. OASIS and UN/CEFACT accepts membership for those who want to participate in ebXML world. By joining to these sites, you can work with international experts who are collaborating efforts for the development of ebXML, and promoting it to the global electronic market. On the other hand, doing it automatically means using application software which generates ebXML compliant documents. Using ebXML compliant software is quicker because it provides something similar to the click and drag environment. There are downloadable ebXML editor from freebxml.org. Enterprises can create their own network of ebXML users. However, there is one most important requirement for an ebXML enabled interaction between enterprises, and that is the registry. The registry is a central repository of all the business processes, business profiles, process specifications, and data interchange classifications. In short, a repository or registry stores all relevant information. The registry mush have a graphical user interface where users can query, update stored information, insert new information, etc. Free ebXML registry can be found on the internet. There are also existing ebXML registry which are already implemented in various places around the world.   One must only need to search for these registries, inquire, and then register. Once the registration is complete, a registered enterprise can start registering his business processes specification, business profile, and other information pertaining to its business. All information registered on the ebXML registry are made available to all visitors querying on th e registry, which made it easier to find potential business partners. Once business partners agreed to work together, they will sign a Collaborative Protocol Agreement. Once the agreement is finished, the participating parties can start working with one another. Conclusion ebXML is a very effective tool for engaging in a global electronic market. It is less expensive, easier to implement, and supported by international standards. Many enterprises will soon implement ebXML which will enable them to meet on the internet regardless of geographical location.

Birch Paper Company CASE Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Birch Paper Company - Case Study Example Brunner was adamant on that issue and claimed he had invested much in that development. Decentralization of the various units is successful as proven by the increased proceeds from each division. The significant result of the decentralization is the enhancement in the design of the boxes. If the company were still operating under the Birch Company, no manager would have taken the initiative to invest in the development of boxes. Decentralization has undermined the cooperation among the divisions. If the management was centralized, the selling of the supplies to the divisions would have been coordinated. The selling prices for the supplies would have been favorable. Mr. Brunner had invested heavily in the research and development of boxes and expected high returns. Yes, he is not considering the overall profitability of Birch Company and competition from other box producers. The best bid for the best interest of Birch Company is that of Eire Papers. This is because the bid is cheaper than that of Thompson division. The commercial vice-president should intervene on that matter. If he fails, the future of Thompson division will be at stake due to its high prices. He should advice Mr. Brunner to reduce the prices for its

Merchant of venice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Merchant of venice - Essay Example Thus, it can be argued that Shakespeare was not being anti-Semitic when he placed a Jew as a usurer in his play, rather that he was using historical fact as a basis for writing his play. To have written anything else would have been entirely out of historical context. Shakespeare, the greatest dramatist of all time, was not concerned with the issue of anti-Semitism, rather he used the fact that Shylock was a Jew as a tool, through which he was able to explore the issues he wished to discuss in this play – the play, read in this way, is not itself anti-Semitic, rather, it is a play about anti-Semitism, about the similarities and differences one encounters when dealing with people of different religions. Throughout all of Shakespeare’s writing, he uses characters as tools with which to build his story, and entertain his viewers/readers - The Merchant of Venice is no exception to this rule, and so according to this reading of Shakespeare’s motives, this interpretation of the play can be argued to be valid. Shakespeare’s creation of a character as multi-faceted as Shylock is a testament to his skills as a writer – at times we sympathize with Shylock, at times we simply cannot understand his methods or motives; this is because Shakespeare wanted to create a ‘larger than life’ villainous character, who would entertain us through his actions. He is an eternally fascinating character, he keeps us, the viewer/reader, captivated. The fact that Shylock is a Jew is incidental to the drama; Shakespeare wanted to design a character through which he could develop the action of his play, and it is testament to Shakespeare’s skills as a dramatist that he created such a memorable character, that leaves the reader asking so many questions. At times we dislike Shylock, at times we sympathize with the things he is going through; at all times, he arrests us with his depth and his evident selfishness; he is captivating as a

Multi model project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multi model project - Essay Example They just want to eject the DVD out of the DVD player or flip the channel if it is on cable network. It would be interesting to take a peek into the kind of work the producers and screenwriters do to create the desired effect in the audience. The impact it makes the viewers say wow. Obviously, everyone is not interested in the technicalities of a film production. However, one should be aware of the perspective that a movie is instilling in the viewer’s mind. Film critics call this the gaze. It tells the point of view of the movie director. Hollywood action blockbusters like the James Bond and Mission Impossible series are very good examples of the male gaze. The protagonist of such movies is a crime-fighting dominant male. He has access to sports car and top female models of the world. The protagonist is living the fantasy of the majority of the male audiences; to live a carefree adventurous life full of beautiful girls and luxury cars. There is no harm in giving the audiences what they want. The problem arises when such movies become the trendsetters. The people who disagree with such fantasies should not consider themselves outcasts but sadly this is the case. Such movies define what a successful person should look and behave like. This is wrong at so many levels. The people who are living â€Å"ordinary† lives should not consider themselves less than the fantasy projected on the cinema screen. Such perspective or gaze is so dangerous that it creates a sense of loss among average people. They want to live a large life but sadly they fall short because what is projected on the screen is just a fantasy. The counter argument that movies are supposed to be fantastical so that people can momentarily get out of their mundane routines and enjoy voyeuristic pleasures, is not valid because there is a difference between confining something and making a fantasy movie. The fantasy movie Lord of the Rings does not have that usual gaze. The values shown

Womens Day Essay Example for Free

Womens Day Essay Have you ever given a thought that why is the International Women Day Celebrated for? No? No problem. Carry on reading as it’s going to get interested ahead. Do you know when the first International Women Day came into existence? Just 101 years before. You must be thinking why is that? So listen the women did not had the same right as nowadays. They were majorly being a victim of violence, they were the main victim of poverty and lack of education, and they had no rights at all, not even a right to vote can you imagine that? The women were considered as a minority in every aspect of life than men. Don’t you think that was wrong? You’re 100% correct. These thoughts became the main reason for Women to fight for their rights when they worked as team to battle for their journey towards equality between both genders. Where did I go on International Women Day? 8th March is the official date to celebrate this interesting day all around different nations so how come you can even imagine me sitting home and watching t.v. As a young Women myself I attended an inspiring seminar on 8th March 2013 (International Women’s Day) at Olswang, London. The building was really a beautiful piece of art though they didn’t allow us to take a photo inside (Bad luck). We were given an ID badge as security purposes and we followed staff towards the meeting room with seated brilliant and successful women who looked superb as well and not to forget few men were seated there as well. Until now you may be thinking now it’s going to be boring right? Not really! What was exciting about the day? It wasn’t really a meeting or a lecture. We started with a mouth-watering variety of snacks and drinks and sat on our assigned seats with other college and school students. To give a side kick to the formality among the group members they assigned each table with a challenge of building the highest tower with the marshmallows and the bamboo sticks. My team mates started with bursting energy by pouring drink on the table. We didn’t won but had fun in it. The Guest speakers that came there were all very talented and they shared their golden experience of life and the hard works that they went though to become successful but the good thing is that they all were very happy and satisfied in their lives. They all belong to different fields i.e. police, doctor, media, recruitment sector, banking and much more. There words and the way they presented it was very motivational and it gave me a power to go beyond the limits, touch the sky and make the best of both world. That’s how this beautiful day ended up with some open chat with each other on a cuppa and cookies. We also got goodie bags specially selected for Women. Always Remember in Mind: There isn’t any minority or majority as in gender if you don’t agree then sorry to say but you need to fix those lose screws pal. There isn’t anything that the Women can’t do. You just have to learn to find your inner potential and need to trust in yourself because you are the world for yourself.

Environmental Issues for the Amazon and Murray River

Environmental Issues for the Amazon and Murray River Environmental Change Management  Rivers Rachel Cunningham All life on earth depends on water. Trees and plants need water to grow, and water helps shape the earth and its islands, continents and countries. About 71% of the earth is covered in water by oceans, rivers and lakes. Almost all river water comes from rain or melted snow. Rivers are large streams of water flowing downwards to the sea along channels they have cut. Some rivers flow into lakes and some join other rivers. A river ends when it flows into another river, ocean or lake. When a smaller river flows into a larger one, the smaller one is called a tributary. This is commonly referred to as the mouth. Commonly, rivers start (the start is known as headwaters) as small streams on high grounds, gradually increasing in volume. Rivers have played an important part in the development of civilisation. Rivers are one of the main ways in which rainwater returns to the sea in the water cycle. On their way to the sea, rivers help shape the land through erosion. A river is the main part of a river system, which also includes smaller streams that supply water to the river. The second largest river in the world is called the Amazon River, located in South America. The Amazon is 6,436 kilometres long, and carries more water than any other river in the world. The chief river of Australia, the Murray, flows 2,589 kilometres from the Snowy Mountains to the Great Australian Bight at the entrance to the Indian Ocean. It rises near Mount Kosciuszko in south-eastern New South Wales and flows north-westward to form the border between Victoria and New South Wales. Rivers can be influenced by human actions, sometimes with a positive result and sometimes with a negative result. In both the Murray and the Amazon, humans have cleared the land surrounding the river, constructed dams and weirs and created a hazardous environment for many animal species neighbouring this environment. Pollution is also a major cause for some of the environmental issues that these rivers face. Indigenous people in the Murray and Amazon regions have cared for and maintained the rivers over a long period of time. They have achieved this by taking from the river what it can sustain and by not polluting it excessively. The greatest river of South America, the Amazon, is the worlds largest river in water volume and the area of its drainage basin, together with its tributaries the river drains an area of 7,050,000 square kilometres—roughly one third of the continent. It empties into the Atlantic Ocean at a rate of about 220,000 cubic meters per second. The Amazon region is covered by dense tropical rainforest. This has one of the highest rates of rainfall in the world. Agriculture only has a potential on 2% of the floodplain, and the whole Amazon basin supports a population of only four million, of whom 75 000 are native Indians. The Murray River is the longest permanently flowing river in Australia. It is an important source for irrigation and industry. The Murray River system includes the Darling, Lachlan, and Murrumbidgee rivers, and it drains an area larger then that of France and Spain combined. The Murray rises in the Australian Alps near the eastern boundary between Victoria and New South Wales. It then crosses eastern South Australia and flows into Encounter Bay, south of Adelaide. The Murray River is 2,589 kilometres long. Along the Murray, wheat, sheep and cattle are a main source of income for farmers. However, this is becoming a problem because chemical run off from the crops pollute the river. In the Amazon, subsistence farming, practised since before the Portuguese settlers arrived in Brazil in the 16th century, remained the major money making activity until the 19th century. Indigenous groups such as the Yanomamo and Kayapo have been living in the Amazon for thousands of years. The first human settlements in the Amazon had populations’ approx 35,000 years ago. Since that time, Amazon people have developed lifestyles that are well incorporated with the benefits and restrictions of rainforests and the Amazon River. Normally, daily meals included wildlife found close to rivers, such as fish, turtles, capybara and crocodiles. Until recently, blowguns, arrows tipped with poison and spears were an everyday tool used to hunt down the wildlife for the daily meals. Unfortunately, these prehistoric weapons have been replaced with guns. The guns cause more damage to the river because they are more accurate, and they kill quicker. Hunter-gatherer groups were once generally nomadic, living in small temporary settlements for 4-5 years until all natural resources had diminished. Due to land colonisation by non-indigenous people, many local (indigenous) groups were forced into inactive lifestyles causing them to become peasants. This started to degrade the river bec ause they weren’t using it in a traditional way. Such changes not only destroyed traditional lifestyles but also caused the local peopleto lose control over their territory and for the river to lose many of its traditional protections. Whilst the new settlers treated the river without concern for its well being. There are many environmental issues along the Murray. Many of these problems are caused by drought. Some of the problems are so serious that despite two years of rain (2000 – 2002), areas of the river are yet to recover. The Murray mouth closed in 2002, only the second time recorded in history. This was because of the lack of water in the basin. In April 2009 in the Lower Lakes region, 20,000 hectares of acid sulphate soils were exposed and fresh water levels fell dramatically, to more than one metre below sea level. Ecosystems were also affected by this, because of the increase in salinity and exposure of acid sulphate. It also threatened the water supplies for people and livestock. Low water levels also caused some sections of the riverbank to dry out, crack, and eventually give way. There were more than 160 incidents of river bank collapse along the Murray. Many turtles were affected by the rising salt table, and became sick, and finally died.[1] The salinity problem in the Murray serves as a predicament for all Australians. Salinity is an issue when an excessive quantity of salt in the water and soil causes problems with the use of water and land. Due to land logging, land reproduction and land colonisation, the salt table of the Murray is rising. Water stored in the dams and weirs is mainly used for irrigation, causing the salination problem. Some salt flows naturally into the Murray – Darling, but irrigation, land clearing, dams and weirs have all forced increased amounts of salt up from deep underground. Unfortunately, most of this salt eventually ends up in the rivers which increases the river’s salt content. Every year, three million tonnes of salt flow down the Murray River. Another issue that the Murray faces is stagnentation. Parts of the river, especially the lower Murray, are now more like a series of still lakes rather than a flowing river, resulting in some significant changes. The water is cloudier and contains less oxygen, encouraging the growth of algae and making it difficult for some fish species to survive. The Sand and silt are slowly building up on the river beds behind the dams. Because of the build-up of sand and silt, the fish cannot move from one part of the river to another or from oceans to lakes. This disturbs the food chain by creating over population of some species and lack of others. The major environmental issue for the Amazon River is deforestation, in the greater Amazon basin. The main sources of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest are human settlement and development of the land. In nine years from 1991 – 2000, the total area of Amazon rainforest cleared rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres. Most of this lost forest has been replaced with pastures for cattle. Because of this, the salt table has risen dramatically. Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest can be recognised by many different factors. The rainforest is mainly seen as a resource for cattle pasture, hardwoods, housing space, farming space, roads and medicines. The deforestation rate in the Amazon region increased from 1990 to 2003 by 70%. As a result of deforestation, the river effectively dies. The tree roots are no longer present to hold the bank in, therefore the rivers walls collapse. As a consequence of this, the silt builds up. This causes the river to flow slower. Since approximately 2005, inhabitants along the Amazon have become aware of the need to conserve the river. This has led to conversation with governments regarding management of the river. Before Europeans arrived, the land surrounding the Murray was occupied by Australian aborigines. The Murray River has been home to the Aboriginal people for thousands of years. This river was commonly known to the indigenous as Milewa or Tongala. The land surrounding, and the river have always been imperative to the indigenous. Near the river, there were once many swamps and billabongs. These were flooded each spring when the melting of the winter snow in the spring, flowed into the Murray. Indigenous people caught much of their food using nets and dams. The nets were for catching fish, animals and birds. They made them from fibres of rushes that grew beside the creeks. The rushes were chewed and then twisted by rubbing them on the thigh. Aborigines also caught fish by making dams across the narrow creeks. First they pushed the stakes into the creek bed. Then they wove branches through the row of stakes. At flood time the fish swam into the shallow creeks and billabongs. As the flood waters went down, thousands (not the 10’s of 1000’s like the fisherman of today) of fish were trapped behind the dams. Women gathered all the plant food. They dug for bulrush roots and rushes and collected pigface berries. The indigenous also ate bulrush roots with every mean, just as white people ate bread. In the river the women caught crayfish and yabbies and spent much of their time diving for mussels. They carried the food back to the camp in net bags and baskets. The riv er itself can replenish itself after this sort of gathering. However, the river cannot replenish itself after a bulldozer digs out plants by their roots. Fish and shellfish were the main food of the indigenous people. Men did the hunting with spears or nets as well as dams. Flocks of ducks, pelicans, black swans and other water birds trapped in the nets that they strung across the creeks. They made stronger nets and staked them out between trees. These were catching emus and kangaroos. The cords of these nets were as thick as your finger. To hide from animals they hinted, men made screens of branches woven with grass. They would creep up on the emus and kangaroos until they were close enough to speak to them. The men also made rods to snare waterbirds. For camouflage they put braches through the reeds. They snared them around the neck one by one. The current environmental issues that the Murray and the Amazon face are primarily caused by modern man. Some of the issues that the Murray faces include rising salt table, water pollution and decreased water flow. The Amazon also faces a major concern deforestation. These environmental factors have only surfaced since the areas have developed. Indigenous people were conservative and only took from the land what it could sustain. We can learn from these traditions and ensure that rivers remain a sustainable environment in the future. Bibliography: Encyclopaedia Deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest, {Online accessed 13 February 2014} URL:http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_Rainforest Impacts of Deforestation on the Amazon, {Online accessed 26 February 2014} URL:http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-andblogs/news/impacts-of-deforestation-on-the-Amazon The Achuar of Peru, {Online accessed 13 February 2014} URL:http://www.amazonwatch.org/work/achuar Murray River Aboriginals {Online accessed 26 February 2014} URL:http://www.murrayriver.com.au/about-the-murray/indigenous-culture/ [1] URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_of_the_Murray_River